Domain trees are not new to Windows Server 2003 because it was introduced to the Intel world with Windows 2000 server in 1996. It has however matured with the release of Windows 2003 server back in 2003 when it was released.
A Tree host or holds domains in a transitive trust hierarchy link where the domains are identified by their Domain Name System (DNS) names. When you have multiple domains they share the schema and the global catalog for the domain. As an example suppose you have domains in your infrastructure with the prefix: MyDomain.Com. In this situation all the domains belong to the MyDomain Domain Tree.
The first domain that you create when you bring up a Domain Controller (DC) for Active Directory (AD) is called the Root Domain and it holds the schema data for the domain Tree. A tree structure is created when you add child domains for Decentralized administration and management or to control or throttle your AD replication.
If you have a single domain that domain will contain a complete AD partition for all of the objects such as users and computers and is known as a complete domain tree. When additional domains or child domains are added to the tree AD partitions are replicated to the DC’s within the domain.
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